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- $Unique_ID{BRK04242}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis}
- $Subject{Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis SSPE Decerebrate Dementia }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 185:
- Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Subacute Sclerosing
- Panencephalitis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- SSPE
- Decerebrate Dementia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive life
- threatening neurological (brain) disorder occuring months to years (usually
- years) after an attack of measles. It is characterized by mental
- deterioration, myoclonic (shocklike) jerks, and seizures.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis usually begins before the age of 20
- years. Often the first signs are failing schoolwork, forgetfulness, temper
- outbursts, distractibility, sleeplessness, and hallucinations. Myoclonic
- jerks (sudden flexion movements of the extremities, head and trunk) and grand
- mal seizures may follow the mental and behavioral changes.
-
- Patients suffering from SSPE show further intellectual decline, changes
- in speech and abnormal involuntary movements. Distortion and twisting of the
- body, head and extremities may appear temporarily. Later, rigidity of the
- body muscles, difficulty in swallowing, cortical blindness, and optic atrophy
- may occur. In the advanced phases of SSPE, the patient becomes increasingly
- rigid, with intermittent signs of hypothalamic involvement (i.e., high body
- temperature, profuse perspiration, and disturbance of pulse and blood
- pressure).
-
- The disease can become life threatening within 1 to 3 years, often as the
- result of terminal bronchial pneumonia due to inactivity or aspiration of
- food. Sometimes, it has a more protracted course, with pronounced
- neurological deficits. A few patients may have remissions and exacerbations.
-
- Causes
-
- The cause of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis is unknown; possibly SSPE is
- caused by a virus. Usually there has been a history of mumps or measles 2-10
- years prior to the onset, but these childhood illnesses are common in the
- general population. There have been cases where patients have had contact
- with pets such as monkeys, dogs or kittens which later have died from the
- illness.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis occurs in children and adolescents
- usually before the age of 20 years.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is an infection of the brain by a
- normally nonpathogenic virus. Symptoms include unilateral bodily weakness,
- visual impairment and an alteration in the state of consciousness.
-
- Inclusion Body Encephalitis is a brain infection with gradual onset
- mostly in children under 12 years of age. Symptoms include deterioration in
- schoolwork, muscle jerks of the trunk and extremities, and loss of speech.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Generally, treatment of the symptoms of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
- with anticonvulsants and supportive measures can be helpful. A number of
- antiviral agents have not proven helpful. Isolated reports about the
- effectiveness of isoprinosine have not been documented in controlled clinical
- trials.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National SSPE Registry
- University of Alabama School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology
- 2451 Fillingim St.
- Mobile, AL 36617
- (205) 471-2159
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, 15th ed., Robert Berkow, M.D., ed in chief, published by
- Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Labs, Rahway, NJ, 1987. Pp. 1401, 2023, 2041.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 2203, 2206-7.
-
-